International Journal of Dental Sciences

Authors
Nisha Gupta, Vishnuja VR Nair, Aarushi Tuli, Sakshi Jain, Sreejith S, Manisha Kashyap

Abstract
The management of necrotic immature, permanent teeth presents a clinical challenge because of incomplete root development, unfavourable crown to root ratio and poor long-term prognosis. The resultant thin, dentinal walls and open apex make root canal debridement difficult and a lack of apical closure complicates the root filling procedure and attainment of an apical ‘seal’. The thin dentinal walls also increase the risk of future root fracture of these teeth under occlusal forces. Conventionally, tooth that has lost its vitality is being treated by apexification. Through this technique, the formation of an apical barrier to close the open apex is promoted so that the filling materials can be confined to the root canal but it involves long-term periodic exchanges of calcium hydroxide paste into canal which may lead to weakening of the canal and tooth fracture. Recently, revascularization is introduced as a new treatment modality for immature non-vital teeth. Revascularization not only provides apical closure but also increases the dentine wall thickness. As there is diversity in the treatment protocol for revascularization, it is pivotal to describe and discuss these protocols guiding researches in this field and thereby providing the clinicians to succeed in the treatment of non-vital tooth with immature apex. Hence, the present review aims to provide complete protocol on revascularization.