Histopathological features of dentigerous cyst: A review article

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur; Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur; Soesilaningtyas; Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur; Hernalia Martadila Putri

Histopathological features of dentigerous cyst: A review article

Authors
Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Hernalia Martadila Putri

Abstract
Introduction: Cyst is a pathological cavity that is filled with fluid or semi-fluid, limited by the epithelium, or not and can cause intraoral and extraoral enlargement which can clinically resemble a benign tumor (Neville et al, 2002). Cysts are classified into 3 major groups, namely cysts on the jaw, cysts associated with the maxillary antrum, and soft tissue cysts on the face, face and neck. Odontogenic cysts are the most common form of cystic lesions affecting the maxillofacial region. The exact histopathology of these cysts will still be clearly established, but the most likely etiology is the developmental origin of the dental follicles. Dentigerous cysts are almost always associated with unerupted, visibly adhered crowns of teeth. to cementoenamel junction. In addition, it can also be found in relation to the presence of supernumerary teeth, or primary teeth that are not erupted. The purpose of this text is to determine the histopathological features to assist in the diagnosis of dentigerous cysts of the oral cavity. Discussion: The histopathological examination of the cyst varies, depending on whether the cyst is inflamed or not. In non-inflammatory cysts, the fibrous tissue walls are loosely composed and consist of a glycosaminoglycan base substance. Islets and woven remains of inactive odontogenic epithelium are present on the walls of the fibrous tissue. The epithelial boundary consists of 2-4 layers of cuboidal epithelial cells and the space between the tissue and the epithelium is flat. In inflamed cysts, fibrous walls are more collagen and accompanied by chronic inflammatory cells. The epithelial border shows varying amounts of hyperplasia with a protruding rete and a squamous appearance. Keratinized surfaces are often seen. Odontogenic cyst is one of the most common benign lesions in the oral cavity, one of which is dentigerous cyst. Much effort has been made to understand the pathogenesis of dentigerous cysts. Several studies have investigated the participation of immune and inflammatory cells in the formation and growth of these lesions. Mast cells are one of the defense cells in the immune system that have a metachromatic cytoplasm⁵. The participation of mast cells in the body's defense system both humoral and cellular is as effector cells in innate immunity and in response to allergic, chemical and biological factors such as microorganisms and parasites, as well as as a source of histamine, serotonin, and other vasoactive amines, cells. it can control vascular tone and permeability. Conclusion: The histopathological features of the dentigerous cyst can vary, based on whether the cyst is inflamed or not. The epithelial boundary consists of 2-4 flat layers of nonkeratinous cells, the epithelium and the space between the connective tissue is flat.

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