Dental malocclusion represents one of the three most prevalent oral pathologies in childhood, along with caries and periodontal disease, its origin is multifactorial, combining genetic factors such as craniofacial inheritance and environmental factors, especially parafunctional habits such as digital sucking, onychophagia, mouth breathing and tongue thrusting, recent studies suggest that unfavorable socioeconomic conditions may increase the presence of these oral practices, negatively affecting the development of the stomatognathic system. In this context, the study aims to determine the prevalence of parafunctional habits and malocclusions in children aged 6 to 9 years dental age in Cayambe, Ecuador, and its relationship with the socioeconomic factor is influential in the presence of this type of non-functional habits and dental malocclusion. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 221 children aged 6 to 9 years, selected using proportional stratified sampling. Structured surveys were used to assess oral habits and socioeconomic status (SES), in addition to a clinical examination to record the type of occlusion according to Angle's classification and specific malocclusions (crossbite, open bite, deep bite, bis-a-bis bite, and diastemas). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 24, using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests to establish relationships between variables (p < 0.05). The results showed that Angle's class II was the most prevalent type of malocclusion (42.1%), followed by class I (41.6%) and class III (16.3%). A bis-a-bis bite (38%) was the most common occlusal alteration. Regarding parafunctional habits, mouth breathing (17.6%), nail biting (15.8%), and tongue thrusting (10.9%) were the most common, with a complete absence of pacifier use. No statistically significant associations were found between socioeconomic level and most of the occlusal variables or habits, except for tongue thrusting (p = 0.040) according to the chi-square test. Therefore, the findings of this study are useful for planning and establishing oral health strategies to encourage early visits to dental services, which is an important measure for preventing malocclusion and parafunctional habits in the population.