Dental caries is a
complex, cyclical process involving repeated phases of demineralization and
remineralization. Remineralization serves as the body’s natural repair process,
in which calcium and phosphate ions from oral fluid are redeposited into the
hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal structure of enamel. Minimal intervention is a key
phrase in today's dental practice. Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID)
emphasizes preserving natural tooth structure through preventive care, early
detection, and minimally invasive treatments. This approach focuses on managing
dental caries at its earliest stages, aiming to reduce the need for extensive
restorative procedures. The process of tooth remineralization has been
extensively researched, leading to innovative technologies that promote enamel
repair and prevent demineralization. Various remineralizing agents have been
utilized to restore enamel and treat white spot lesions (WSLs). Fluoride has
formed the mainstay of enamel remineralization for many decades. It is known to
control caries predominantly through its topical effect inhibiting demineralization
by forming fluorapatite on the enamel surface.
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