Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in healthcare, offering unique physicochemical properties at the nanoscale that can significantly enhance preventive, restorative, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in dentistry. In pediatric dentistry, the application of nanomaterials is particularly relevant, as children present distinct challenges such as higher caries susceptibility, compliance issues, and the need for minimally invasive, biocompatible interventions.

Objective: This review aims to critically evaluate the current and emerging applications of nanotechnology in pediatric dentistry, encompassing preventive, restorative, endodontic, orthodontic, prosthodontic, and diagnostic domains.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Publications from 2010 to 2025 were prioritized to highlight recent advances, although seminal older works were retained where essential. Studies focusing on nanotechnology applications in general dentistry with specific relevance to pediatric patients were included.

Results: Nanotechnology demonstrates promising applications across pediatric dentistry. Nano-fluoride formulations, nano-hydroxyapatite-based toothpastes, and antimicrobial nanoparticles show enhanced preventive efficacy against caries. Nano-filled composites and glass ionomers provide improved esthetics and durability for pediatric restorations. Nanomaterials have also been integrated into pulp therapies, regenerative endodontics, orthodontic brackets, wires, and prosthetic appliances, enhancing antimicrobial properties, mechanical performance, and patient comfort. Furthermore, nano-biosensors and salivary diagnostic devices offer potential for early caries detection and personalized care in children.