Bioceramics, a class of biocompatible ceramic compounds engineered for medical and dental applications, have emerged as transformative materials in conservative dentistry and endodontics. Derived from compounds such as calcium silicates, calcium phosphates, zirconia, alumina, and bioactive glasses, these materials exhibit properties closely resembling biological hydroxyapatite, enabling osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and chemical stability in physiological environments. Their ability to release calcium hydroxide, form hydroxyapatite in situ, and integrate with dentin and bone underpins their regenerative potential.

Historically, the development of bioceramics in dentistry evolved from early alumina and zirconia applications to advanced calcium silicate–based cements like Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, as well as hybrid formulations combining calcium silicate and phosphate phases. Bioactive glasses, such as Bioglass® and NovaMin®, have expanded applications in dentin hypersensitivity management, adhesive systems, and root canal obturation. Innovations like ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative and Ceramir C&B integrate bioactivity with restorative performance.

In endodontics, bioceramic sealers and repair materials—including EndoSequence Root Repair Material, BioAggregate, and TotalFill BC—offer superior sealing ability, dimensional stability, and biocompatibility. Their clinical uses span pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, perforation repair, retrograde fillings, and root canal obturation. Mechanical properties such as high compressive strength, radiopacity, and low solubility, combined with antibacterial effects from alkaline pH, enhance treatment outcomes.

Despite their advantages, limitations persist, including cost, handling characteristics, and limited global availability. Ongoing research focuses on improving setting times, bonding capabilities, and long-term stability while expanding accessibility.