Lithium disilicate is a glass-ceramic material widely used in oral rehabilitation due to its favorable mechanical and esthetic properties; however, occlusal adjustments performed after cementation remove the glazed surface, increasing surface roughness and potentially leading to clinical complications. Therefore, this in vitro experimental study aimed to evaluate the influence of two commercial polishing systems, Ultradent and Jota, on the surface roughness of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate.

Thirty monolithic lithium disilicate discs were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and randomly allocated into three groups (n=10): glazed control group, Ultradent polishing system group, and Jota polishing system group. Surface roughness was assessed using contact profilometry, analyzing the Ra parameter expressed in micrometers.

Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, Shapiro–Wilk normality testing, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance level set at α=0.05. The results indicated mean surface roughness values of 14.86 ± 7.58 μm for the control group, 13.20 ± 5.32 μm for the Jota system, and 17.11 ± 5.74 μm for the Ultradent system, with no statistically significant differences among groups (p=0.389). None of the evaluated polishing systems achieved surface roughness values considered clinically acceptable according to thresholds reported in the literature.